Ght for age z-scores were considerably reduced than 0 (p 0.001) and stunting was common (42.9 ). Zinc deficiency was extremely prevalent in Cambodia (92.8 ), whereas zinc deficiency was discovered in only 12.two of the Cuban young children. Prevalence of STH infections was eight.four and 16.8 for Cuba and Cambodia, respectively. Inside the Cuban study, essentially the most common STH infections were A. Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE) Inhibitor Species lumbricoides (61.4 ) and T. trichiura (36.8 ), even though hookworm (97.0 ) was the predominant STH infection in Cambodia. In each populations, most STH infections have been of light intensity (Table 1). Table 1. Characteristics in the study populations.Cuba (N = 1389) n ( ) or imply ?sd Age (years) Sex (female) Height for age z-score D4 Receptor MedChemExpress Stunted STH infection a Ascaris lumbricoides Light (five.000 epg) Moderate (five.000?0.000 epg) Heavy (50.000 epg) Trichuris trichiura Light (1.000 epg) 8.14 ?2.07 640 (47.0 ) 0.06 ?1.04 21 (1.6 ) 114 (8.four ) 70 (five.two ) 55 (4.1 ) 15 (1.1 ) 0 42 (3.1 ) 38 (2.8 ) Cambodia (N = 2471) n ( ) or mean ?sd 9.68 ?two.27 1236 (50.0 ) -1.81 ?1.05 1056 (42.9 ) 302 (16.eight ) five (0.3 ) five (0.three ) 0 0 six (0.3 ) 6 (0.three )Nutrients 2015, 7 Table 1. Cont.Cuba (N = 1389) Moderate (1.000?0.000 epg) Heavy (10.000 epg) Hookworm Light (two.000 epg) Moderate (two.000?.000 epg) Heavy (4.000 epg) Hair zinc (g g-1) Zinc deficiency c Plasma zinc d (mol L-1) Zinc deficiency e Inflammation No inflammation Only CRP elevated Only AGP elevated CRP AGP elevatedaCambodia (N = 2471) 0 0 293 (16.3 ) 283 (15.eight ) 9 (0.5 ) 1 (0.1 ) n.a. n.a. 7.65 ?1.69 1884 (92.8 ) 1450 (60.5 ) 8 (0.3 ) 816 (34.1 ) 122 (5.1 )2 (0.1 ) two (0.1 ) 15 (1.1 ) 13 (1.0 ) 0 two (0.1 ) 113 (91?37) b 28 (12.2 ) n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.: N= 1353 (Cuba) or N = 1795 (Cambodia); b: median (IQR), N =230; c: hair zinc 70 g g-1; d: N =2112; e : age four?: plasma zinc 9.9 mol L-1; girls age ten and up: plasma zinc 10.1 mol L-1 boys age ten and up: plasma zinc 10.7 mol L-1, N = 2030; STH: soil-transmitted helminth; epg: eggs per gram feces; n.a.: not applicable3.two. Associations involving Height for Age, Zinc and STH Infection STH infected Cuban kids had on average lower height for age when compared with their uninfected peers (Table 2), and regression analysis showed a considerable negative association amongst STH infection and height for age (Table three). The association amongst hair zinc and height for age was not important but did show a constructive trend. In Cambodia, plasma zinc, but not STH infection, was significantly connected with height for age (Table three). In each populations, STH x zinc interaction terms were not statistically important. Even so, when stratifying for STH infection, inside the uninfected Cuban children a considerable, constructive association (aB-0.471, p = 0.033) was located amongst hair zinc and height for age. Table 2. Zinc and height for age in STH infected and uninfected kids.N Cuba CambodiaaZinc concentration 112.55 (88.3?36.0) 113.35 (94.4?43.7) a 7.74 ?1.70 b 7.52 ?1.70 baN 1251 117 1450Height for age z score (mean ?sd) 0.11 ?0.97 -0.31 ?1.16 -1.81 ?1.05 -1.84 ?1.STH uninfected STH infected STH uninfected STH infected160 70 1239: Hair zinc in g g-1, median (IQR); b: Plasma zinc in mol L-1, mean ?sd.; STH: soil-transmitted helminthIn the Cuban study, the median hair zinc concentration was slightly higher in STH infected than in uninfected children (Table two), but the outcome from the regression analysis was not statistically substantial (Table 4). In contrast, STH infected young children in the Cambodian study had on typical reduced plasma z.