Oleate and methyl stearate showed sturdy cytotoxic effect against Ca Ski, A549, as well because the standard cell line, MRC-5, with IC50 values much less than 20 ug/ml. Methyl palmitate was also reported to exert cytotoxic effect on Tcell leukemia cell line (Molt-4) with an IC50 worth of 2.28 ug/ml whilst methyl stearate showed cytotoxicity to acute promyeloblastic leukemia cell line (HL-60) and Molt-4 cell line with IC50 values of three.08 and 4.65 g/ml respectively [52]. In view of your above report, it really is very probable that the toxicity shown by the hexane fraction maybe partly resulting from the presence of methyl palmitate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate. The cytotoxic impact could be contributed by one or maybe a combination of two or extra of these components. Cytotoxic agents might result in necrosis in cells whereby cells drop membrane integrity leading to cell lysis or induce apoptosis cell death by activating an ordered series of biochemical events [53,54]peting interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions CWP was responsible for conducting the experiments, data evaluation and interpretation, and preparing the manuscript. SNAM was accountable for NPY Y2 receptor Antagonist web supplying the grants, conception of suggestions, identification of elements, and revising the manuscript. HI was responsible for offering grants, conception of tips, collection and identification of plants, and revising the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The author want to acknowledge the Ministry of Science, Technologies and Innovation (MOSTI) plus the University of Malaya (UM) for financial help received by way of the following grants: MOSTI 12-02-03-2070 and PPP PS319/2010A. Received: ten Might 2013 Accepted: 23 September 2013 Published: 1 October 2013 References 1. Vict io Computer: Therapeutic worth of the genus Alpinia, Zingiberaceae. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2011, 21:194?01. two. Matsuda H, Pongpiriyadacha Y, Morikawa T, Och M, Yoshikawa M: Gastroprotective effects of phenylpropanoids in the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga in rats: structural needs and mode of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2003, 471:59?7. 3. Burkill IH: A Dictionary of your Economic Items of the Malay Peninsula. London: Crown Agent; 1966. four. Malek SN, Phang CW, Ibrahim H, Norhanom W, Sim KS: Phytochemical and cytotoxic investigations of Alpinia mutica rhizomes. Molecules 2011, 16:583?89. 5. Ghosh S, Rangan L: Alpinia: the gold mine of future therapeutics. 3 Biotech 2013, three:1?3. 6. Awang K, Ibrahim H, Rosmy Syamsir D, Mohtar M, Mat Ali R, Azah Mohamad Ali N: Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the leaf and rhizome oils of Alpinia pahangensis Ridl., an endemic wild TLR7 Antagonist Synonyms ginger from peninsular Malaysia. Chem Biodivers 2011, 8:668?73. 7. Paz-Elizur T, Sevilya Z, Leitner-Dagan Y, Elinger D, Roisman LC, Livneh Z: DNA repair oxidative DNA harm in human carcinogenesis: prospective application for cancer risk assessment and prevention. Cancer Lett 2008, 266:60?2. eight. Moreira P, Smith MA, Zhu X, Honda K, Lee HG, Aliev G, Perry G: Because oxidative harm is really a crucial phenomenon in Alzheimer’s disease, treatment with antioxidants seems to become a promising strategy for slowing disease progression. Oxidative damage and Alzheimer’s illness: are antioxidant therapies helpful? Drug News Perspect 2005, 18:13?9. 9. Liu J, Mori A: Oxidative damage hypothesis of stress-associated aging acceleration: neuroprotective effects of all-natural and nutritional antioxidants. Res Commun Biol Psych.