E 6). We applied quite a few seismic attributes [657] to the 3D seismic dataset to detect faults and fractures that may act as migration pathways for sequestered CO2 . Seismic attributes have been employed to help recognize functions including fractures, faults, and stratigraphic adjustments thatEnergies 2021, 14,eight ofmay not be effortlessly discerned within the original data. We generated edge-detection attributes that measure waveform similarity (Variance and Amplitude Contrast) and Ant Tracking volumes that track continuous features in an work to illuminate probable fault structures. Parameters have been varied inside NBQX MedChemExpress Petrelsoftware to best highlight any discontinuities although keeping the parameters in a affordable range. Variance is definitely an edge enhancement attribute employed to estimate localized variance inside the seismic signal [65]. The Amplitude Contrast attribute analyzes derivatives in all 3 components [66]. Petrelsoftware 2017 permits the user to apply dip corrections, vertical smoothing filters, and the potential to steer the volume along an azimuth. The default values resulted inside the best outcomes, as discussed beneath. The edge detection attribute Ant Tracking uses either the Amplitude Contrast or Variance volumes as input. The attribute attempts to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of discontinuities. To create the most effective Ant Tracking volume for highlighting discontinuities, several variations of Variance and Amplitude Contrast volumes have been generated. The edge-detection attributes didn’t illuminate any characteristics that may very well be interpreted as faults (Figure 6). We did identify channels, a karst-collapse structure, and erosional features; they are discussed subsequent.Figure five. Interpreted horizons at place of properly Tamoxifen Others 13-10A (a); Leading Kansas City Formation (b); and Base Hunton Formation (c). Farnsworth Field is outlined in red; also shown are places of wells 13-10A, 13-14, and 32-8. Primarily based on well ties, the “Morrow B reflector” is situated within the Morrow B.Energies 2021, 14,9 ofFigure six. The Morrow B surface displaying the 3 characterization wells 13-10A, 13-14, and 32-8; (a) the Variance attribute overlain around the Morrow B surface; and (b) the Ant Tracking attribute overlain around the Ant Tracking volume. Attributes discussed in text are labeled as I, II, and III. In (a), the concentric rings within the eastern side from the survey have not been identified in other attributes and there’s no proof that they are geologic characteristics.We identified an elongated location associated with north outh trending linear options visible within the Variance and Ant Tracking volumes (discontinuities I and II in Figure six), which had been previously interpreted as faults [64]. Within the Variance volume, the N-S options bounding this area appear wide (about 100 to 1000 ft. wide) when they look sharp within the Ant Tracking volume (Figure 6). Two vertical cross sections by means of this function (Figure 7) illustrate that this can be probably triggered by differential compaction of shales above an erosional feature inside the Hunton limestone that developed prior to the deposition of the overlying horizon (which has tentatively been marked “Woodford”). This resulted in draping over the deeper structure. The Ant Tracking discontinuities along with the wide banding around the Variance volume likely identified changes in the seismic signature. Surfaces interpolated from well-logs supported this interpretation; a smaller gradient that is definitely compatible with draping, and vertical offsets are only about 9 ft to 48 ft at the leading of your Morrow B.